單對以太網部署的一些早期應用利用了以太網-APL 聯盟所做的工作,該聯盟已將單對以太網物理應用到工業(yè)過程應用中。利用該聯盟所做的工作,客戶可以開始對他們的 HART、基金會現場總線和 PROFIBUS 現場總線安裝進行未來驗證。當前部署上述系統的客戶可以輕松驗證他們的系統是否已為單對以太網做好了性能準備,并為將來將系統升級到 HART-IP、Foundation Fieldbus HSE 或 PROFINET 掃清了道路。
威猛 (Vermeer) 表示,其他串行密集型自動化應用,例如在樓宇自動化中使用 BACnet MS/TP,對于這項面向未來的努力也已經成熟。通過將串行和模擬電纜規(guī)格升級到滿足 TIA 或 IEC 單對以太網要求的規(guī)格,樓宇業(yè)主和運營商可以確信他們的物理基礎設施已準備好支持下一代智能樓宇設備。

“單對以太網將以太網帶到了邊緣,同時解決了阻礙以太網全面采用的幾個問題,取代了串行和模擬網絡。單對以太網的基本功能提供超過 1 公里的通信,是標準以太網距離的 10 倍,”維米爾說。“單對以太網做到了這一點,同時提供 10 Mb/s 的帶寬,是現場總線協議提供的帶寬的 300 倍。此外,通過 Ethernet-APL 聯盟,單對以太網解決了將以太網帶入爆炸危險環(huán)境的挑戰(zhàn)。借助 Ethernet-APL 的這種功能,設備可以在以太網上運行,而無需在這些環(huán)境中進行 2 對或 4 對 IP 連接所需的重要保護措施。”
網絡安全的重要性
IT-OT 強調靈活和安全的訪問
西門子網絡安全產品負責人 Sophie Richerzhagen 告訴 IEB,關鍵技術趨勢正日益伴隨著網絡安全對行業(yè)日益重要的重要性。
“這一領域已經在影響工業(yè)市場中設備和服務的發(fā)展,而且在過去 24 個月的移動辦公爆炸式增長中加速了這一進程。在辦公/IT(信息技術)領域,移動辦公早已確立,但對更靈活、更安全地訪問運營技術 (OT) 中的系統和應用程序的需求也在不斷增長,”Richerzhagen 表示。
在企業(yè)范圍內訪問工業(yè)應用程序的好處已經對解決 OT 和 IT 的不同要求的網絡安全解決方案的需求不斷增加。在 IT 領域,零信任安全模型已被證明對具有動態(tài)設備池的網絡有效;每個用戶和設備都必須不斷證明其身份和完整性的概念,無論是否在網絡邊界內。相比之下,根據 IEC 62443 作為深度防御的一部分,基于邊界的工業(yè)安全概念用于保護具有多年來發(fā)展的工業(yè)通信網絡的 OT 系統。
工業(yè)自動化領域的供應商西門子和零信任領域的供應商 Zscaler Inc. 擴展了深度防御 OT 概念,使其進一步受到零信任原則的保護。結合現有的 OT 安全機制,這允許實現細粒度訪問概念。
“有了這種基本保護,公司可以基于現有技術提供新產品和服務。例如,西門子內部的安全 IT/OT 集成為制造業(yè)提供了對 X 射線檢測系統的遠程訪問,以加快診斷速度。同樣,質量保證工程師也可以進入他們的操作制造過程,以進行預防性檢查或更快地解決嚴重問題。工業(yè)網絡安全正在支撐工業(yè) 4.0 帶來的更大數字化用例,”Richerzhagen 補充道。

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⑤SIEMENS(西門子系列產品)》
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⑩Bosch Rexroth(博世力士樂):Indramat,I/O模塊,PLC控制器,驅動模塊等。
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“Single Pair Ethernet brings Ethernet to the edge, while addressing several issues that have prevented full-scale adoption of ethernet, replacing serial and analog networks. The base capability of Single Pair Ethernet provides for communication over 1Km, 10x the distance of standard ethernet,” Vermeer said. “Single Pair Ethernet does this while providing 10 Mb/s, 300x the bandwidth offered by fieldbus protocols. Also, through the Ethernet-APL consortium Single Pair Ethernet addresses the challenge of bringing ethernet into explosion hazard environments. With this capability of Ethernet-APL, devices can be operated over ethernet without the significant protection measures that would otherwise be required for 2- or 4-pair IP connections in these environments.”
Importance of cybersecurity
IT-OT emphasis on flexible and secure access
Sophie Richerzhagen, Product Owner – Cybersecurity for Siemens, told IEB that key technical trends are increasingly accompanied by the growing importance of cybersecurity for industry.
“This field is already influencing the development of devices and services in the industrial market, and has only been accelerated by the mobile working explosion from the last 24 months. In the office/IT (Information Technology) world, mobile working in general has long been established, but there is also a growing demand for more flexible and secure access to systems and applications in operational technology (OT),” Richerzhagen stated.
The benefits of enterprise-wide access to industrial applications have created an increasing demand for cybersecurity solutions that tackle the different requirements of OT and IT. In IT, the Zero Trust security model has proved effective for networks with dynamic pools of devices; a concept in which every user and device must continuously prove their identity and integrity, whether within the network perimeter or not. In contrast, the perimeter-based industrial security concept as part of Defense-in-Depth according to IEC 62443 is used to protect OT systems with industrial communication networks that have grown over years.
Siemens, a leading provider in the field of industrial automation, and Zscaler Inc., a leading provider in the field of Zero Trust, have expanded the Defense-in-Depth OT concept to be additionally secured by Zero Trust principles. In combination with the existing OT security mechanisms, this allows implementation of a granular access concept.
“With this fundamental protection, companies can offer new products and services based on their existing technology. For instance, secure IT/OT integration within Siemens has provided manufacturing with remote access to X-ray inspection systems for faster diagnostics. Similarly, quality assurance engineers can also tunnel into their operative manufacturing processes for preventative inspection or faster resolution of acute issues. Cybersecurity for industry is underpinning the larger digitalization use-cases that Industry 4.0 has brought to the forefront,” Richerzhagen added.